3.8.12

El capitalisme i la corrosió del caràcter

La corrosión del carácter by Richard Sennett
My rating: 5 of 5 stars

Un llibre extraordinari per la reflexió sobre l´impacte del capitalisme flexible sobre el caràcter. El caràcter (=el valor ètic q atribuïm a les nostres relacions, Horaci) va més enllà de la personalitat (=desitjos i sentiments interns).

El major tabú del capitalisme actual és la por a fracassar. Fracassar vol dir NO PODER ESTRUCTURAR UNA VIDA PERSONAL COHERENT, NO PODER REALITZAR ALLÒ PRECIÓS QUE DUIM DINS, NO SABER VIURE, SINÓ JUST EXISTIR. A la societat actual, les persones afronten el fracàs seguint aquest procés:

1. El motiu del meu fracàs és que els altres han comès una injustícia. Van en contra meva. La culpa és dels altres.
2. El motiu del meu fracàs és que s´obrin les portes als immigrants, als diferents. La culpa és de la forma com la democràcia premia als fracassats.
3. El motiu del meu fracàs és que jo no vaig entendre el que passava i no vaig saber donar la resposta adequada.

Arribar a la 3ª resposta, la més elaborada, només és possible si hi ha vincles entre les persones (=un sentit de comunitat no superficial). Però el capitalisme provoca la corrossió del caràcter, o sigui una vida fragmentada on és difícil tenir temps per conversacions profundes i relacions estables, una vida que duu a evadir-se (drogues, consumir, anar de festa, viure el present) per no afrontar la por a fracassar.

El neoliberalisme que va començar als EUA i ara s´extén a Alemanya (economies renanes) es sosté sobre la por al dèbil, al fracassat, al que no pot. Sobre la indiferència i la desconfiança davant el diferent. Defensa un jo fort i independent, que no necessita els altres. Proposa la destrucció de l´Estat del Benestar perquè veu el dèbil com un paràsit social.  Que els més forts guanyin. Desprecia els treballadors q no tenen iniciativa, que necessiten que els hi diguin què han de fer. No tenen en compte les paraules de John Bowlby: una persona sanament independent és capaç de demanar ajuda i depenir dels altres quan fa falta i de saber en qui confiar.
Sennett cita a Lévinas:
la fidelitat a un mateix suposa ser responsable amb altres.  

Aquesta visió impedeix construir el caràcter, perquè dificulta reconèixer les pròpies debilitats. Quan un sent vergonya de necessitar els altres, de ser dependent, torna desconfiat. Es destrueixen els vincles socials. Bauman: por al compromís.

Així idò, com construir el caràcter, com afrontar la por a fracassar, la precarietat laboral, la falta de futur? No a través del comunitarisme (que proposa que s´uneixin els que tenen les mateixes conviccions) sinó a través de vertaderes comunitats on no es fugi del conflicte i les visions diferents (Amy Gutmann, Dennis Thompson= el desacord uneix més a la gent q la declaració de ppis correctes), on es pugui parlar del fracàs sense culpa ni vergonya, on uns puguin depenir dels altres, on hi hagi vincles de confiança. Negociar les diferències més que cooperar superficialment a través del teball en equip. No reprimir les discrepàncies.
  Una societat on no hi ha una narrativa compartida de les dificultats i el fracàs és una societat sense somnis. En una societat així, les preguntes que construeixen el caràcter (Qui em necessita? A qui necessit?) no tenen resposta.  El capitalisme ha perdut el control dels somnis i sentiments dels de baix. Avui són molts més els ferits qu els que criden. Si hi ha un canvi, el canvi vindrà de petites comunitats on les persones parlaran per necessitat interior més que a través d´alçaments de masses.

PAUL RICOEUR= Justament perquè algú depèn de mi, som responsable de la meva acció davant l´altre.
GADAMER= El jo que som no es posseeix a sí mateix. El jo succeeix.

Va escriure el llibre fa 14 anys.

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34 comentaris:

Guida Al·lès ha dit...

Article de Paul Krugman (via @jcastilloch).
Els rics estan convençuts q pel fet de ser-ho mereixen un tracte deferent. La seva riquesa els fa dèbils on noltros om forts perquè la seva felicitat depèn d´ella. Desprecien la dependència del pobre i del dèbil però és pitjor la seva davant els doblers i el poder. Però lo pitjor és que la seva debilitat regeix les decisions polítiques americanes. No només critiquen a Obama que no els veneri, sinó que l´acusen de ser la causa de la crisi.
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/20/opinion/krugman-pathos-of-the-plutocrat.html?_r=1&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss

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